1 large fennel bulb (about 10.5 oz / 300 g), fronds reserved 2 cups (60 g) baby arugula 2 small oranges, segmented, plus 1 tsp finely grated zest 1 / 4 cup (30 g) red onion, very thinly sliced 1 / 4 cup (30 g) hazelnuts, toasted and roughly chopped 3 tbsp (45 ml) extra-virgin olive oil 2 tbsp (30 ml) fresh lemon juice 1 tsp Dijon mustard 1 tsp capers, rinsed and minced 1 tsp honey 1 / 4 tsp kosher salt, plus more to taste Freshly ground black pepper to taste Pinch of red pepper flakes (optional)
Toast the hazelnuts in a dry skillet over medium heat, shaking often, until fragrant and lightly browned, 3–5 minutes. Cool, then roughly chop. Trim the fennel, reserving a few tender fronds. Halve the bulb, remove the core, and shave very thinly with a mandoline or knife. Roughly chop 1–2 tbsp of fronds for garnish. Segment the oranges over a bowl to catch juices; set segments aside. Squeeze the membranes to extract 1–2 tbsp juice. Zest one orange to yield about 1 tsp zest. Make the vinaigrette: In a small bowl, whisk lemon juice, 1 tbsp reserved orange juice, Dijon, capers, honey, salt, several grinds of pepper, and red pepper flakes (if using). Whisk in the olive oil until emulsified. In a large bowl, toss shaved fennel, arugula, and red onion with about two-thirds of the vinaigrette. Season to taste with a pinch more salt and pepper. Gently fold in the orange segments and zest. Scatter the toasted hazelnuts and chopped fennel fronds over the top. Drizzle with remaining vinaigrette just before serving.
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